How an 18th-Century Chess Automaton Outsmarted the World
The Birth of Artificial Intelligence? In the bustling courts and dimly lit salons of 18th-century Europe, where nobility and intellectuals gathered to discuss art, science, and the limits of human achievement, a strange figure loomed large over the realm of chess: The Turk, a mechanical chess-playing automaton. Imagine a mysterious mechanical figure dressed in Ottoman robes, seated confidently at a chessboard. As it began to play, the onlookers marveled as it moved its pieces with uncanny precision, often announcing "checkmate" and even grinning at its opponents' frustration. The Turk, the chess-playing automaton Credit: engines.egr.uh.edu Created by Hungarian inventor Johann Wolfgang Ritter von Kempelen in 1769, (the man also began working on ' speaking machine ' the same year but finishing The Turk was an emergency) it quickly became the marvel of Europe and America. For nearly 90 years, the machine didn't just play chess; it crushed its opponents, whether t...